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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื




ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœืงื“ื ื ืฉื™ื, ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ, ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื“ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืกืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืดื”ืขืฆืžื”ืด ืืฆืœืŸ.


ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื“ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืคืจืง ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœืœืžื“ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื•.


ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—, ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ืคืกื“ ืืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืžืจืฆื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช, ืžื ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืดืกืžืœื™ื™ืืด.

ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื• ืžืกืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ.


ืœืžื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื“ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื (ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื’ื‘ืจื™) ื”ื ืดืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ?ืด ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืค ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืžืดืก, ืจืง 16% ืžื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืคื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช?


ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ.


ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื™ืฉืชืœื ืœื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช (ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื) ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ืื ื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช?


ื‘2018 ืกืš ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 590 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืดื—. ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืืš ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. (ื“ื•ื— ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช 2018 ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื”)


ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืจืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช.

ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืขืœื” ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืจื’ื™ื– ื›ืžื” ื.ื ืฉื™ื, ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ื”, ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ืขืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื, ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฆื”.


ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืดืœื“ื‘ืจืด ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช) ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืดืœื“ื‘ืจืด ื‘ื›ืกืฃ. ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืข ืื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื”. ื”ืื ืžื˜ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื ืขืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืžืžื ื”?


ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื— ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืœื ื™ืฉืชื ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื•ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืื—ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ืงื™ืงื” ื•ืœืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื›ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืื‘ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจืช.





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